L. Gordon Goldsborough
Department of Botany, Brandon University
Brandon, Manitoba, Canada R7A 6A9
| Weather and water quality data summary
(1994), University Field Station (Delta Marsh) L. Gordon Goldsborough Department of Botany, Brandon University Brandon, Manitoba, Canada R7A 6A9 |
|
The following is a summary of meteorological and water quality data collected at the Field Station during 1994. The complete data are available as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets on Macintosh or PC diskettes, and on the Station's page on the World Wide Web (Delta Marsh Home Page) at http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/delta_marsh/ufshome.html. Wind velocity and direction data, pyrheliometer traces, barometer traces, and hygrothermograph traces are available on request.
Users are advised that the period represented by "daily" values differ between parameters: temperature, precipitation, and anemometer data are collected at 08:00 CST and represent the 24-hour period starting at 08:00 CST on the preceding day. This affects the interpretation of some parameters. For example, the maximum air temperature reported for 1 January (X°C) may the value for 31 December of the previous year if the maximum actually occurred prior to 24:00 or it may be the value for 1 January if the maximum occurred between 00:00 and 08:00. Other daily data, including photosynthetically available radiation and hours of sunshine, are accurate for the reported calendar day, being cumulative between 00:00 and 24:00 CST. Monthly summary statistics (total, mean, median, minimum and minimum) are calculated for the period starting on the first day of the month, without consideration for the above.
Data for daily photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) were found to underrepresent actual values due to drift in the calibration of the PAR sensor installed in December 1992. A method of correcting affected data is being developed; updated information will be available on the Delta Marsh Home Page.
Two Li-Cor Li-1200 Minimal Dataset Recorders were installed in August 1994, one at the existing meteorological station, and the other in Oxbow Woods by the Inkster Farm. Both recorders are maintained year-round and data for daily solar irradiance, precipitation, maximum, minimum and mean air temperature, and mean soil temperature (10 cm depth) are available.
Collection of weather data was made possible by instruments provided by the Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada. Weather data were collected by Dick Convery, Shirley Dinwoodie, Doreen Greening, Gordon Goldsborough, Curt Horning, Russ Mead and Gordon Robinson.
Lake water samples were collected by Russ Mead at monthly intervals as part of an ongoing water quality monitoring program of Manitoba Environment. Station WQ666 is approximately 1 km offshore from the UFS. Curt Horning and Ken Sandilands collected marsh water samples at six sites (Fig. 7) on 15 July, and 15 August. Russ Mead collected marsh water samples on 13 September.
Figure 1. Uncorrected total daily photosynthetically available radiation (PAR - 400 to 700nm; E/m²/d) at the University Field Station (Delta Marsh) in 1994, as reported by miscalibrated PAR sensor Q11490. The smooth curve represents the maximum daily (cloudless) PAR at the station, as calculated using the SIMSOL computer program (Fee, E. J. 1990. Computer programs for calculating in situ phytoplankton photosynthesis. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 1740, v + 27pp.).
Figure 2. Daily hours of sunshine at the University Field Station (Delta Marsh) in 1994. The annual mean, denoted by the horizontal line, was 6.9 hours of sun per day. The range was 0 to 15 hours.
Figure 3. Daily mean air temperature (°C) at the University Field Station (Delta Marsh) in 1994. The smooth curve represents normal daily mean air temperature at the station, as calculated by R.McGinn (pers.comm. 1991). The annual mean daily temperature, denoted by the horizontal line, was 2.9°C. The minimum recorded temperature was -36.5°C and the maximum temperature was 31.5°C.
Figure 4. Daily total precipitation (water equivalents in mm) at the University Field Station (Delta Marsh) in 1994. The total annual precipitation was 469 mm, 85% of which fell as rain with the remainder as snow. The maximum amount of precipitation received in a single day was 27.4 mm (19 October).
Figure 5. Daily mean wind velocity (km/h) at the University Field Station (Delta Marsh) in 1994. The annual mean wind velocity, denoted by the horizontal line, was 17 km/h.
Figure 6. Daily mean wind direction (degrees) at the University Field Station (Delta Marsh) in 1994. North = 0°/360°, East = 90°, South = 180°, West = 270°. The annual mean wind direction, denoted by the horizontal line, was 198°.
| Table 1. Water quality at sampling site WQ666 located 1 km offshore from the University Field Station in Lake Manitoba (1994). Analyses were performed by the Manitoba Department of Environment. Date format: day/month. ns = no sample. | |||||||||||||
Date |
25-Jan |
15-Feb |
15-Mar |
12-Apr |
24-May |
14-Jun |
12-Jul |
15-Aug |
12-Sep |
*14-Sep |
25-Oct |
22-Nov |
12-Dec |
| Sampling time (CST) | 12:00 |
11:40 |
9:00 |
9:00 |
9:45 |
10:00 |
9:00 |
9:00 |
9:00 |
12:30 |
9:30 |
13:00 |
13:00 |
| Water temp. (°C) | 0 |
0 |
1 |
1.5 |
15.5 |
18.5 |
19.5 |
18.0 |
17.0 |
19.0 |
5.0 |
-1.0 |
0.25 |
| Ice thickness (cm) | 91 |
1 |
1 |
90 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
pack ice |
43 |
| Water depth (m) | 3.6 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.55 |
3.62 |
3.3 |
n/a |
3 |
0.65 |
3.5 |
| Secchi depth (m) | 1.55 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
1.8 |
0.65 |
0.65 |
0.34 |
0.45 |
0.45 |
n/a |
0.2 |
0.35 |
0.5 |
| Total coliforms (/mL) | < 10** |
0 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
43 |
23 |
230 |
0 |
4 |
46000*** |
| Conductivity (µS/cm) | 2480 |
2660 |
1910 |
255 |
1930 |
1910 |
1860 |
1420 |
1810 |
786 |
1980 |
2100 |
2230 |
| Total residue (mg/L) | 1500 |
1600 |
1200 |
150 |
1100 |
1200 |
1300 |
930 |
1100 |
580 |
1300 |
1300 |
1400 |
| Filter. residue (mg/L) | 1500 |
1600 |
1200 |
150 |
1100 |
1200 |
1300 |
910 |
1100 |
570 |
1200 |
1300 |
1400 |
| Non-filter. residue (mg/L) | 8 |
< 5.0 |
7 |
< 5.0 |
< 5 |
13 |
34 |
16 |
21 |
7 |
77 |
19 |
< 5.0 |
| pH | 8.25 |
8.22 |
8.19 |
8.72 |
8.6 |
8.65 |
8.71 |
8.59 |
8.71 |
8.07 |
8.54 |
8.45 |
8.39 |
| Total alkalinity (mg/L) | 306 |
326 |
216 |
34.7 |
241 |
2.38 |
239 |
249 |
238 |
260 |
250 |
256 |
272 |
| Bicarb. alkalinity (mg/L) | 373 |
397 |
264 |
8.04 |
247 |
247 |
245 |
255 |
241 |
318 |
270 |
291 |
307 |
| Carb. alkalinity (mg/L) | < 0.6 |
< 0.6 |
< 0.6 |
16.9 |
22.9 |
21.4 |
23.1 |
23.8 |
24.4 |
< 18 |
< 18 |
< 18.0 |
< 18.0 |
| Hydrox. alkalinity (mg/L) | < 0.34 |
< 0.34 |
< 0.34 |
<.34 |
< 0.34 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
< 10.2 |
| Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | 11.5 |
10.2 |
13.6 |
10.2 |
7.6 |
6.9 |
7.4 |
7.3 |
8.3 |
5 |
11.5 |
12.9 |
20.2 |
| Total organic C (mg/L) | 19.5 |
25 |
24 |
6 |
18 |
13 |
14 |
10.3 |
20.3 |
12.5 |
24.3 |
26.3 |
11.1 |
| Total inorganic C (mg/L) | 61 |
66 |
44 |
7 |
56 |
45 |
46.5 |
51.5 |
51.9 |
61.1 |
41.6 |
56.9 |
62.9 |
| Total carbon (mg/L) | 80.5 |
91 |
68 |
13 |
74 |
58 |
60.5 |
61.8 |
72.2 |
73.6 |
65.9 |
83.2 |
74 |
| True color (Pt) | < 5.0 |
5 |
5 |
< 5 |
5 |
< 5 |
< 5 |
15 |
5 |
< 15 |
10 |
5 |
15 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 3.5 |
2.6 |
7.4 |
2.1 |
9.6 |
10 |
28 |
13 |
17 |
6.2 |
79 |
20 |
8.3 |
| Total Kjeldahl N (mg/L) | 1.26 |
1.27 |
2.33 |
0.59 |
1.01 |
1.21 |
1.33 |
1.45 |
1.72 |
1.05 |
2.05 |
1.2 |
1.16 |
| Ammonia-N (mg/L) | 0.052 |
0.042 |
0.654 |
0.087 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
0.047 |
0.151 |
< 0.02 |
0.026 |
| Nitrate/nitrite-N (mg/L) | 0.04 |
0.03 |
2.56 |
0.05 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
0.01 |
| Total phosphorus (mg/L) | 0.024 |
0.03 |
0.071 |
0.029 |
0.033 |
0.037 |
0.047 |
0.083 |
0.05 |
0.347 |
0.092 |
0.037 |
0.032 |
| Total diss. P (mg/L) | |||||||||||||
| Total partic. P (mg/L) | |||||||||||||
| Chlorophyll-a (µg/L) | 2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
5 |
3 |
6 |
8.5 |
5.5 |
7 |
5 |
32 |
5 |
1.5 |
| Chloride (mg/L) | 484 |
41 |
376 |
398 |
|||||||||
| Extr. aluminum (µg/L) | 0.301 |
0.146 |
0.02 |
0.232 |
|||||||||
| Total arsenic (mg/L) | 0.002 |
< 0.001 |
0.003 |
0.003 |
|||||||||
| Diss. boron (mg/L) | 0.27 |
<0.05 |
0.23 |
0.25 |
|||||||||
| Extr. cadmium (mg/L) | 0.003 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< .001 |
||||||||
| Hex. chromium (mg/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.2 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||
| Extra. calcium (mg/L) | 53 |
6.68 |
35.4 |
36.8 |
|||||||||
| Extr. magnesium (mg/L) | 87.6 |
8.44 |
64.2 |
66.2 |
|||||||||
| Hardness (mg/L) | 493 |
51.4 |
353 |
364 |
|||||||||
| Extr. sodium (mg/L) | 344 |
26 |
250 |
268 |
|||||||||
| Extr. potassium (mg/L) | 20.3 |
13.8 |
< 5 |
18.5 |
18 |
||||||||
| Extr. copper (mg/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||
| Extr. zinc (mg/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||
| Extr. iron (mg/L) | 0.07 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
< .002 |
|||||||||
| Extr. manganese (mg/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||
| Extr. lead (mg/L) | < 0.002 |
< 0.002 |
< 0.002 |
< 0.002 |
|||||||||
| Extr. nickel (mg/L) | < 0.005 |
< 0.005 |
< 0.005 |
0.009 |
|||||||||
| Sulphate (mg/L) | 260 |
18 |
181 |
202 |
|||||||||
| Total cations (meq) | 25.3 |
2.22 |
18.4 |
19.4 |
|||||||||
| Total anions (meq) | 25.2 |
2.24 |
19.5 |
20.5 |
|||||||||
| Ion balance error (%) | 0.27 |
0.33 |
2.8 |
2.63 |
|||||||||
| Table 2. Pesticide residues at sampling site WQ666 located 1 km offshore from the University Field Station in Lake Manitoba (1994). Analyses were performed by the Manitoba Department of Environment. Date format: day/month. | |||||||||||||
Date |
25-Jan |
15-Feb |
15-Mar |
12-Apr |
24-May |
14-Jun |
12-Jul |
15-Aug |
12-Sep |
*14-Sep |
25-Oct |
22-Nov |
12-Dec |
| Aldrin (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||||
| BHC- alpha (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||||
| BHC- beta (ug/L) | <0.03 |
< 0.03 |
|||||||||||
| BHC- gamma/Lindane (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
> 0.02 |
|||||||||
| BHC- delta (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||||
| Chlordane-cis (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||
| Chlordane-trans(ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||
| PP'-DDD (ug/L) | < 0.03 |
< 0.03 |
|||||||||||
| PP'-DDE (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||||
| PP'-DDT (ug/L) | < 0.03 |
< 0.03 |
|||||||||||
| Dichlofop-methyl (ug/L) | < 0.09 |
< 0.09 |
< 0.09 |
< 0.09 |
|||||||||
| Dieldrin (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||||
| Endosulfan I (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||||
| Endrin (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||||
| Heptachlor (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||||
| Heptachlor epoxide (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||||
| Methoxychlor (ug/L) | < 0.04 |
< 0.04 |
< 0.04 |
< 0.04 |
|||||||||
| Mirex (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||||
| Alachlor (ug/L) | < 2.0 |
< 2 |
< 2.0 |
< 2 |
|||||||||
| Atrazine (ug/L) | < 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
|||||||||
| Bromacil (ug/L) | < 1.0 |
< 1 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
|||||||||
| Metribuzin (ug/L) | < 1.0 |
< 1 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
|||||||||
| Propachlor (ug/L) | < 2.0 |
< 2 |
|||||||||||
| Simazine (ug/L) | < 2.0 |
< 2 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
|||||||||
| Triallate (ug/L) | < 1.0 |
< 1 |
< 1.0 |
< 1 |
|||||||||
| Trifluralin (ug/L) | < 0.03 |
< 0.03 |
< 0.03 |
< 0.03 |
|||||||||
| Carbofuran (ug/L) | < 2.0 |
< 2 |
< 2.0 |
< 2.0 |
|||||||||
| Propoxur (ug/L) | < 2.0 |
< 2 |
< 2.0 |
< 2.0 |
|||||||||
| Bromoxynil (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
|||||||||
| 2,4-D (ug/L) | 0.06 |
< 0.05 |
< 0.05 |
0.06 |
|||||||||
| 2.4-DB (ug/L) | < 0.2 |
< 0.2 |
< 0.2 |
< .2 |
|||||||||
| 2,4-DP (ug/L) | < 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
< 0.1 |
|||||||||
| Dicamba (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||
| Dinoseb (ug/L) | < 0.05 |
||||||||||||
| MCPA (ug/L) | < 10.0 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
< 10.0 |
|||||||||
| 2,4,5-T (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
||||||||||||
| 2,4,5 -TP (ug/L) | < 0.01 |
||||||||||||
| Trichlopyr (ug/L) | < 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
|||||||||
| Picloram (ug/L) | < 0.2 |
< 0.2 |
< 0.2 |
< 0.2 |
|||||||||
| Azinphos methyl (ug/L) | < 1.5 |
< 1.5 |
|||||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos -E (ug/L) | < 0.8 |
< 0.8 |
< 0.8 |
< 0.8 |
|||||||||
| Diazinon (ug/L) | < 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
|||||||||||
| Dimethoate (ug/L) | < 1.0 |
< 1 |
< 1.0 |
< 1.0 |
|||||||||
| Malathion (ug/L) | <0 .9 |
< 0.9 |
< 0.9 |
< 0.9 |
|||||||||
| Parathion ethly (ug/L) | < 0.9 |
< 0.9 |
|||||||||||
| Parathion methyl (ug/L) | < 0.6 |
< 0.6 |
|||||||||||
| Terbufos (ug/L) | < 0.7 |
< 0.7 |
< 0.7 |
||||||||||
Figure 7. Map of the area of Delta Marsh adjacent to the University Field Station where surface water samples were collected at six sites on 15 July, 15 August and 13 September, 1994. Site coordinates were determined using a portable Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
| Table 3. Water chemistry determined at six sites in Delta Marsh in mid-July, August and September 1994. Most analyses, except for field measurements and total chlorophyll, were performed by Norwest Labs Inc. (Winnipeg). | ||||||
G |
H |
J |
K |
L |
M |
|
Cram Creek mouth |
Crescent Pond |
Forster's Bay |
West Blind Channel |
West Dike Pond |
School Bay |
|
| 12-Jul-94 | ||||||
| Sample time (CST) | 9:15 |
10:50 |
10:25 |
12:05 |
14:10 |
13:15 |
| Water temperature (°C) | 19.0 |
21.0 |
19.5 |
22.5 |
22.0 |
22.0 |
| Water depth (m) | 1.40 |
0.80 |
0.51 |
0.65 |
0.75 |
0.90 |
| Secchi depth (m) | 0.48 |
bottom |
0.49 |
0.52 |
bottom |
0.43 |
| pH (field) | 8.3 |
8.5 |
8.6 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
9.0 |
| pH (lab) | 8.4 |
8.5 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
9.0 |
8.8 |
| Conductivity (µS/cm) | 1950 |
943 |
2020 |
2250 |
4170 |
1590 |
| Calcium (mg/L) | 37.8 |
27.5 |
36.7 |
57.8 |
55.1 |
24.8 |
| Magnesium (mg/L) | 65.7 |
34.6 |
67.4 |
82.6 |
275.0 |
67.7 |
| Sodium (mg/L) | 249 |
110 |
264 |
316 |
498 |
194 |
| Potassium (mg/L) | 20.2 |
19.9 |
21.6 |
23.8 |
24.4 |
30.6 |
| Manganese (mg/L) | <0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
| Iron (mg/L) | <0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Sulphate (mg/L) | 149.0 |
43.2 |
147.0 |
138.0 |
468.0 |
86.9 |
| Chloride (mg/L) | 373 |
160 |
406 |
462 |
1030 |
281 |
| Carbonate (mg/L) | 4.59 |
6.77 |
11.70 |
nd |
47.50 |
23.60 |
| Bicarbonate (mg/L) | 306 |
238 |
296 |
415 |
244 |
315 |
| Nitrate+nitrite (mg/L) | <0.05 |
<0.05 |
0.3 |
0.16 |
<0.05 |
0.34 |
| Fluoride (mg/L) | 0.27 |
0.22 |
0.27 |
0.30 |
0.21 |
0.27 |
| Alkalinity (mg/L) | 259 |
206 |
262 |
340 |
279 |
297 |
| Hardness (mg/L) | 365 |
211 |
369 |
484 |
1270 |
341 |
| TDS (mg/L) | 1050 |
519 |
1100 |
1280 |
2520 |
863 |
| Ionic balance (%) | 98.5 |
99.1 |
97.5 |
105.0 |
107.0 |
101.0 |
| Ammonia-N (mg/L) | 0.171 |
0.013 |
0.015 |
<0.005 |
0.009 |
<0.005 |
| TKN (mg/L) | 1.37 |
1.47 |
1.67 |
2.29 |
1.57 |
3.00 |
| Total phosphorus (mg/L) | 0.39 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
| Total carbon (mg/L) | 83.4 |
77.4 |
84.1 |
106 |
90.7 |
85.4 |
| TOC (mg/L) | 18.4 |
17.4 |
17.1 |
21.4 |
27.7 |
24.4 |
| TIC (mg/L) | 65.0 |
60.0 |
67.0 |
84.6 |
63.0 |
61.0 |
| True color (Co units) | 15 |
45 |
15 |
45 |
30 |
30 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 18.0 |
1.5 |
13.0 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
15.0 |
| Silicon (mg/L) | 3.0 |
<1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
<1.0 |
3.0 |
| Total chlorophyll (µg/L) | 14.6 |
2.2 |
15.5 |
10.2 |
2.3 |
8.9 |
| 15-Aug-94 | ||||||
| Sample time (CST) | 9:10 |
10:15 |
9:50 |
10:30 |
12:00 |
12:35 |
| Water temperature (°C) | 19.0 |
19.5 |
19.0 |
19.0 |
20.5 |
21.0 |
| Water depth (m) | 1.38 |
0.67 |
0.60 |
0.66 |
0.77 |
0.81 |
| Secchi depth (m) | 0.17 |
bottom |
0.32 |
0.43 |
bottom |
0.44 |
| pH (field) | nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
| pH (lab) | 8.5 |
9.2 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
9.2 |
9.4 |
| Conductivity (µS/cm) | 1840 |
1120 |
1820 |
2110 |
4380 |
1780 |
| Calcium (mg/L) | 47.9 |
24.0 |
45.8 |
53.2 |
47.0 |
24.5 |
| Magnesium (mg/L) | 69.3 |
44.4 |
67.3 |
77.2 |
233.0 |
79.4 |
| Sodium (mg/L) | 232 |
143 |
233 |
272 |
509 |
226 |
| Potassium (mg/L) | 17.1 |
20.8 |
17.1 |
19.9 |
21.6 |
32.8 |
| Manganese (mg/) | <0.050 |
<0.050 |
<0.050 |
<0.050 |
<0.050 |
<0.050 |
| Iron (mg/L) | <0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Sulphate (mg/L) | 181.0 |
67.5 |
182.0 |
185.0 |
594.0 |
138.0 |
| Chloride (mg/L) | 332 |
199 |
331 |
396 |
1010 |
320 |
| Carbonate (mg/L) | 12 |
39 |
24 |
12 |
66 |
78 |
| Bicarbonate (mg/L) | 302 |
180 |
268 |
354 |
201 |
226 |
| Nitrate+nitrite (mg/L) | <0.05 |
0.08 |
<0.05 |
0.1 |
<0.05 |
0.07 |
| Fluoride (mg/L) | 0.24 |
0.20 |
0.22 |
0.24 |
0.17 |
0.23 |
| Alkalinity (mg/L) | 268 |
213 |
260 |
310 |
275 |
315 |
| Hardness (mg/L) | 405 |
243 |
392 |
451 |
1080 |
388 |
| TDS (mg/L) | 1040 |
626 |
1030 |
1190 |
2580 |
1010 |
| Ionic balance (%) | 100.0 |
102.0 |
99.8 |
100.0 |
94.8 |
101.0 |
| Ammonia-N (mg/L) | 0.200 |
0.075 |
0.110 |
0.085 |
0.011 |
0.294 |
| TKN (mg/L) | 1.55 |
1.68 |
1.55 |
1.61 |
1.90 |
2.94 |
| Total phosphorus (mg/L) | 0.1 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
0.06 |
| Total carbon (mg/L) | 91.6 |
65.9 |
86.8 |
107.0 |
92.0 |
104.0 |
| TOC (mg/L) | nd |
nd |
19.3 |
23.1 |
37.1 |
36.3 |
| TIC (mg/L) | nd |
nd |
67.5 |
83.9 |
54.9 |
67.7 |
| True color (Co units) | 30 |
65 |
25 |
40 |
45 |
55 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 53.1 |
0.5 |
14.9 |
6.0 |
1.0 |
5.7 |
| Silicon (mg/L) | 2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
| Total chlorophyll (µg/L) | 21.7 |
2.3 |
15.9 |
16.1 |
3.6 |
24.6 |
| 13-Sep-94 | ||||||
| Sample time (CST) | 14:49 |
15:09 |
14:30 |
10:05 |
9:45 |
9:15 |
| Water temperature (°C) | 17.0 |
21.5 |
18.0 |
16.0 |
15.0 |
15.0 |
| Water depth (m) | 0.62 |
0.60 |
0.56 |
0.60 |
0.66 |
0.60 |
| Secchi depth (m) | 0.39 |
0.60 |
0.38 |
0.58 |
0.66 |
0.56 |
| pH (field) | 8.4 |
9.2 |
8.5 |
8.1 |
9.2 |
9.5 |
| pH (lab) | 8.6 |
9.4 |
8.7 |
8.2 |
9.2 |
9.1 |
| Conductivity (µS/cm) | 1660 |
1200 |
1650 |
1910 |
5080 |
1930 |
| Calcium (mg/L) | 56.2 |
26.9 |
58.0 |
63.2 |
51.1 |
29.7 |
| Magnesium (mg/L) | 65.1 |
46.0 |
64.9 |
72.7 |
331.0 |
82.8 |
| Sodium (mg/L) | 211 |
161 |
207 |
240 |
614 |
257 |
| Potassium (mg/L) | 11.6 |
19.5 |
13.2 |
16.1 |
20.5 |
33.9 |
| Manganese (mg/L) | 0.145 |
0.034 |
0.135 |
0.371 |
0.081 |
0.114 |
| Iron (mg/L) | 0.11 |
<0.01 |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Sulphate (mg/L) | 172.0 |
63.9 |
164.0 |
169.0 |
846.0 |
133.0 |
| Chloride (mg/L) | 276 |
221 |
280 |
331 |
1210 |
354 |
| Carbonate (mg/L) | 21 |
45 |
30 |
nd |
75 |
51 |
| Bicarbonate (mg/L) | 320 |
186 |
412 |
418 |
159 |
305 |
| Nitrate+nitrite (mg/L) | <0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
| Fluoride (mg/L) | 0.22 |
0.21 |
0.22 |
0.26 |
0.16 |
0.28 |
| Alkalinity (mg/L) | 298 |
228 |
388 |
343 |
255 |
335 |
| Hardness (mg/L) | 408 |
257 |
412 |
457 |
1490 |
415 |
| TDS (mg/L) | 970 |
675 |
1020 |
1100 |
3230 |
1090 |
| Ionic balance (%) | 101.0 |
104.0 |
91.8 |
101.0 |
99.5 |
104.0 |
| Ammonia-N (mg/L) | <0.050 |
0.110 |
0.089 |
0.075 |
<0.050 |
0.186 |
| TKN (mg/L) | 1.53 |
1.58 |
1.60 |
1.80 |
1.73 |
2.43 |
| Total phosphorus (mg/L) | 0.14 |
<0.05 |
0.14 |
0.13 |
<0.05 |
0.09 |
| Total carbon (mg/L) | nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
| TOC (mg/L) | 15.2 |
22.0 |
16.5 |
16.2 |
37.9 |
35.6 |
| TIC (mg/L) | nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
| True color (Co units) | 25 |
60 |
30 |
30 |
40 |
55 |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 13.9 |
0.8 |
13.3 |
6.9 |
1.3 |
7.0 |
| Silicon (mg/L) | 4.0 |
0.1 |
4.2 |
7.0 |
nd |
nd |
| Total chlorophyll (µg/L) | nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |
nd |